Opus 2026-381: Why Not?

I had the opportunity to preach last Sunday.  I’m not an evangelist, but I do believe that people need to be reminded that they need to accept Jesus and to move into the kingdom of God.  So at one point in my sermon I came to the fact that many people in the congregation had not allowed God to begin the good work in them.  This is from Philippines 1:6.

The question of course is “Why not?”  It’s not that they never had an opportunity in our church.  Almost every sermon that is preached I would put into the category of “Turn or Burn”.  There’s a little bit of teaching that goes along with it, but that’s the major theme every Sunday.  If you have not allowed God to begin a good work and you, lack of opportunity is not a real good reason.

Why is it important to make that decision?  There are two different directions you can go on this.  First, you may put it off so long that the end comes and you’re not prepared.  That should be obvious.

The second reason, which in many cases is more important, is that God cannot begin to do a good work in you and perfect you in Christ Jesus if you haven’t made that decision.  If you make the decision now, then the potential for blessings starts counting in reality.  God can pile up the blessings quicker and faster than you can read the benefits.  If you make that decision today, then it starts building immediately.

Think of the concept of compound interest.  If you’ve ever seen the charts, or talked to anybody who’s into investing, it’s very important to start a regular savings plan early in your life.  Give compound interest a chance to build.  You can’t make it up later with large contributions.  So if you happen to be one of those who has not made that decision yet I invite you to confess your sense of Jesus, believe that He died for your sins and that you can be forgiven, declare him your Lord, believe in the resurrection and start moving forward into that that Paul talks about.

(Php 1:6 NAS77) For I am confident of this very thing, that He who began a good work in you will perfect it until the day of Christ Jesus.

homo unius libri

Opus 2025-442: The Pauline Fallacy

History has produced a long list of names that we remember.

History has also produced a long list of names that we never heard of.

Which list has made the biggest difference?

The one that I have thought about recently is the apostle Paul.  He is glorified as being the apostle to the Gentiles.  People think of him being a great teacher and evangelist.  He was.  He changed the world or at least pushed it in the right direction.  He was not the greatest influence, though, in the spread of Christianity through Europe.  Paul’s greatest contribution was not his evangelism, but his writing.  If we went through and added up all the people that Paul was responsible for witnessing to you would get a couple thousand.  If we went through and added up all the people who came to know the truth of God through his writings you would have multiplied millions, possibly billions.

Paul is remembered for his writings, but they don’t bring as much sparkle as the idea of going into a new town and spreading the gospel.  In the enthusiasm of the apostle Paul, what we often overlook is that he was just one voice and could only be in one place.  We often miss that the gospel went before him.  It amuses me reading the first chapter of the letter to the Romans.  Paul is excited about going to Rome because he wants to preach there.  What we often miss is that there was already a strong church in Rome and Paul had never even crossed the city limits.  The gospel went before him.  The gospel was spread by hundreds and thousands of little Paul’s who weren’t even thinking about being great evangelist.  They were just spreading the good news.  Paul with small potatoes compared to their combined effect.

A modern example might be Billy Graham.  I remember attending one of his crusades in Los Angeles.  The Colosseum had thousands of people listening to his preaching.  His sermons were broadcast on TV and radio.  Millions heard him.  People get impressed.  I think, though that he would say that the greatest force in evangelism with the people going to work every day and living out their Christian lives in front of others.  They did more by simply witnessing and talking about Jesus that he could ever do with all of his multimedia presentations.

Think of Jesus himself.  He never left the Jewish areas of the world.  He talked only to Jews for the most part.  He was murdered after three years of ministry.  Of course, He had advantages that none of us have.  He was the eternal, incarnate, son of God.  He has already been resurrected and had the contacts to send the Holy Spirit.  And yet, in spite of that He told His disciples that they would do bigger things that He had done.

We are still mourning the loss of Charlie Kirk.  He was one in a billion.  He was a unique servant of Almighty God.  He was taken from us too early.  But when he was speaking to those crowds of students and having such a great effect, don’t forget all the conversations that we’re going on in the dorm rooms and around the dinner tables, and in places that you would never think about it.  He was spreading salt.  Salt was doing his work under the power of the Holy Spirit and under the many individuals who are being faithful.

Think of yourself as being a Paul Junior, a Charlie Junior, a disciple of Jesus.  You will talk to people that none of them could ever come close to.  Don’t fall for the Pauline Fallacy.  We need our apostles.  Even more we need faithful salt.  That is where you and I come in.

Be salty.

homo unius libri

Opus 2024-028: Focus or Sloth

I have been giving Pastor the benefit of the doubt because he is an evangelist at heart.  All of the sermons have a predominantly evangelistic thrust.  That is good.  That is a quality to be desired.  But I’m noticing also a tendency to refuse to look any deeper.  And I’m wondering if evangelism is a fallback for someone who doesn’t want to do any studying, meditating, or contemplating on the great truths of God.

Sunday the text was Romans 12.  In case that doesn’t ring a bell it starts off,

(Rom 12:1-2 KJV)  I beseech you therefore, brethren, by the mercies of God, that ye present your bodies a living sacrifice, holy, acceptable unto God, which is your reasonable service.  And be not conformed to this world: but be ye transformed by the renewing of your mind, that ye may prove what is that good, and acceptable, and perfect, will of God.

From there it goes on to the body of Christ and one of the listings of the gifts of the Spirit and finishes up with some very important directions on living the Christian life.  There is a wealth of teaching here.  Is it necessary to become a Christian first?  Of course but if you have been around the church long you know there is more a problem with people maturing and staying in the faith than getting them converted.

The sermon lasted half an hour.  Twenty-five minutes involved jumping all around the Bible finding reasons for people to get saved.  Each spot he went to could have generated a full sermon.  There was no coherent thought, there was no chain of evidence, there was no deeper contemplation, and the beginning and primary points of Romans chapter 12 where ignored.  I will admit the last three or four minutes he quickly went through the first two verses and had some things to say but he missed the whole point.

So is it focus and priority or sloth and unwillingness to put in the time?

I have visited a lot of churches in my life.  There are two big problems in the preaching.  One is to teach worldly philosophy instead of the Bible.  The other is to recycle all the paragraphs about evangelism that you learned in Bible college.  I remember one church I visited.  I could have worshiped there every week if that Sunday was an example.  The sermon was, “You need to get saved.”  I felt like the pastor would preach the same sermon next week with no thought except to rearrange the paragraphs.

Sloth, incompetence, ignorance, unsaved?  I don’t know but I pray that the pastors will learn to convey the deeper issues without giving up their drive to evangelism.

homo unius libri

Opus 2014-2: Monday Pulpit: Flip Wilson Theology

My mind tends to wander in church.  Often a seed is planted in the sermon or it might come from a totally unknown source.

I ask you, which is worse, “the devil made me do it,” or “God made me do it”?

Most older people are familiar with the Flip Wilson comedy routine and his line, “The devil made me do it.”  Most people understood the root of the humor was in the fact that we all look for excuses in our behavior and the devil is a convenient fall guy.

I would submit that some people use God as the fall guy. 

Some I would categorize as hypocrites or false prophet types.  These are the people that go out and set up kingdoms in the name of God that are really covers for their own dreams of grandeur or frustration.  They use God as a club to force people into submission or brainwash them to conformity.  We all know that and can avoid it with a little thought.

A more dangerous trap is those who live good lives and “follow the rules” but they only do it because they have an unhealthy fear of God and obey grudgingly.  God can coerce and I am sure does at times but being forced to do something is not the heart of being a follower of Christ.  It is not about being forced to be good. 

When we place our trust in Christ what happens is that He defeats the power of sin and rebellion in our hearts and minds.  That makes it possible to do the things God wants to because we want to, not because we are being forced. 

How about an example.  When I am tempted to gossip about someone I can resist through biting my tongue and clamping my jaw.  I can focus on the reality that God is listening and will judge me for what I say.  Or I can allow the love of Christ to control me and make it possible for me to actually want to make things better for the person I could have gossiped about instead of getting satisfaction from doing harm.  Both tendencies are there at the beginning.  The grace of God makes it possible for me to follow my higher inclinations.

Turn your life over to Jesus.  Let God change you.  Take the high road because you like the view, not because you are afraid you will get your shoes wet.

homo unius libri

Opus 2013-383: Born Again to Adoption

Most people are familiar with the Biblical term “born again.”  It is mocked and dragged through the mud.  I even remember seeing a used car commercial calling their cars “born again.”  It is genuinely Biblical.

(John 3:3 KJV)  Jesus answered and said unto him, Verily, verily, I say unto thee, Except a man be born again, he cannot see the kingdom of God.

We should not get too hung up on the exact wording.  The actual literal translation would be “born from above.”  The idea of again comes from the understanding of Nicodemus, the man talking with Jesus.  He clearly understood the meaning to be a second birth.

(John 3:4 KJV)  Nicodemus saith unto him, How can a man be born when he is old? can he enter the second time into his mother's womb, and be born?

There is another term that conveys the beauty of this new birth.  It is found in the concept of adoption.  If you think of Jesus words to mean “born from above” instead of “born again” then the idea of adoption fits very well and adds a richness to the change that takes place.

To understand this we need to think in Roman terms of adoption, not current vogue.  The modern concept of adoption focused on people who are infertile going through the process of looking for a child to make our own.  They are looking for a baby.  The Roman concept was the adoption of adults. 

For the Roman it was not a matter of being childless.  It was a matter of having worthy children.  If you did not have children who measured up you could go out and pick someone who would make a good son and adopt him.  You picked someone who was worthy and the other person agreed to the relationship. Your natural born children became second place.  During the time Rome was a growing and strong empire this is the way the emperors chose their successor.  When they went back to their first born, the empire began to decline.

One of the common teachings among Christians is that God is seeking us and we are to respond.  This fits in very well with their understanding of becoming a child of God by adoption.

Since you might think being “born again” is corny, let’s make the question, “Have you been adopted?”

homo unius libri

Opus 2013-196: The Welcome Mat Is Out

Why do people keep returning to the Parable of the Prodigal Son?  Maybe because they see themselves in it.  Maybe because it has so many lessons and examples for us.  Like many stories that Jesus told, it is misnamed.  It is more about the love of the father than the nature of the son.  Or sons, remember there were two of them and the father loved them both.

The father and his love represent the love of God.  The father did not go out looking for the son, he waited for the son to make the decision to come to the family again.  He had laid the groundwork.  It doesn’t say it in the text but I can imagine the father saying as the boy left, “Remember that you are always my son, this is still your home and the welcome mat is always out.”  It is certainly what I would have said.  One danger of interpreting parables is the way we keep moving away from the basic point being made.  Here it is the forgiveness of God.  People try to make it an explanation of how grace works.  Not so.  There is no evidence the father sent out search parties.  He may have known the kid was coming back, who knows, but there is no indication.  He did not need to know all the things the boy had done, one sniff was enough.  I don’t know if you have been around pigs but they have a distinctive aroma that just won’t go away.

What we do know is that if we are willing to get out of the pig pen, turn our faces toward the Father and approach Him, we will be welcome.

Years after making that journey I still find it comforting.

homo unius libri

Opus 2013-128: Key Scriptures: The Unprodigal Father, the key to the parable

The parable about the Prodigal Son is really about the Unprodigal Father. 

As I said in a previous post, parables usually have one central teaching.  The key point of this story is not the sons but the father.  The father represents God.  The point is that God is anxious to forgive and restore. 

God relates to us where we are.  He responds to us as we are. 

Some of us are like the younger son.  We are prodigals.  We are wasteful.  We live for ourselves and turn our backs on God.  What is often overlooked by people who focus on the younger son is that he was lost and would have stayed lost if he had not repented.  Twice we see this expressed.

(Luke 15:24 KJV)  For this my son was dead, and is alive again; he was lost, and is found. And they began to be merry.

We see it again in verse 32.  He was lost.  He was dead.  He was not just out of fellowship, he was on his way to hell and no amount of love from the father would restore him until he got on his feet and returned broken and repentant. 

Some of us are like the older son.  This is the one who is in fellowship but has lessons to learn.  He is the one who is acknowledged as heir. 

(Luke 15:31 KJV)  And he said unto him, Son, thou art ever with me, and all that I have is thine.

He was not lost.  Yes, he did a lot of work.  That is to his credit, not a reason to condemn him for not automatically forgiving his younger brother.

I would rather be the older son with lessons to learn than the younger risking hell.

Thankfully God deals with us where we are.  He is patient.  He is forgiving.  He is holy.

May you meet Him from where you are and move constantly toward where He wants you to be.

homo unius libri

Opus 2013-108: Real Love

What does it mean to love Jesus.  We talk about it and sing about it.  We think it expresses where we are at.

Unfortunately many of us love Jesus the way I loved Janet.  I saw her the first time in 7th grade.  She was a vision of loveliness.  She was my perfect woman.  I loved her for years, through junior high and high school.  She made my heart go pitter-pat.  Unfortunately, I never spoke a word to her, had a class with her or met her.  She did not know that I existed.  I worshiped her from afar.

Too many people love Jesus the same way.  They admire Him.  They think He is wonderful.  They think about Him but it is all from afar with no involvement.

The big difference is that Janet was unapproachable.  She ran in a different circle than I did.  If I had approached her she would have run away screaming or just laughed.  Jesus isn’t that way.  He is wanting us to reach out to Him.  He will turn no one away.

I went to the same schools.  I walked the same halls.  I ate in the same cafeteria.  I never met Janet.

Don’t live your life with nothing but admiration for Jesus.

homo unius libri

Opus 2013-30: It Isn’t That Simple

Alistair Begg told a story that I am sure has been repeated in various forms for years.  I don’t know if it is a true story or a should-have-been story.  A young man is reported to have turned to a missionary who had been telling the story of the Good Samaritan and said that if only he and his friends had heard this story and seen people living this way they would have not turned to Marxism.  You have all heard this genre of testimony, if only...

The story may be true but that doesn’t mean that it is true in itself.  The person making the statement might even believe it to be true, but it goes deeper than that.  It is not something that simple which causes people to turn to Marxism.  Marxism is very appealing.  It allows people to be the god of their life instead of the God of the Universe.  A lot of these excuses why people do not become Christians are bogus.

People remain pagans or Xians because they do not want to submit.  God does not compromise.  He offers a salvation that we cannot buy or earn.  All He asks is everything.  You may not understand that at the beginning.  Fine.  The Holy Spirit will bring it to mind repeatedly.  You will be given choices again and again.  You may live in rebellion or you may submit.  

Marxism offers a tremendous rush of power.  It puts you in the driver’s seat.  That is a seduction that Christianity cannot offer.  That is a payoff that no nice story or good example can overcome.

So enjoy the claims designed to tug at your heart strings.  Accept the guilt if you want.  Make a donation if it makes you feel better.  Don’t believe them though.  The purpose is to instill guilt and we have enough reason for that already. 

homo unius libri

Opus 2011-340, Spiritual Gifts: Evangelism

(Ephesians 4:11 KJV)  And he gave some, apostles; and some, prophets; and some, evangelists; and some, pastors and teachers;

If you are around evangelical churches you have probably had some contact with the concept of a full time evangelist.  They are preachers who work full time in the field, going from church to church holding revivals.  Probably the best known to my generation would be Billy Graham.  Today we might look to Greg Laurie or someone else who hold regular crusades around the country.

Some of these might be demonstrating the gift of evangelism, some might just be good at persuasion and organization.  I don’t say that in judgement, just as a statement of reality.  The gift of evangelism is not limited to professionals who can sway crowds. 

The word “evangelist” is a compound word in the Greek.  The first part means “good.”  The second part is the word used for “angel” and means “message” or “messenger.”  Thus “evangelism” means “good message” or “good news.” 

One of the early evangelists was Philip. 

(Acts 21:8 KJV)  And the next day we that were of Paul's company departed, and came unto Caesarea: and we entered into the house of Philip the evangelist, which was one of the seven; and abode with him.

The word “evangelist” is the same as the word for the gift so Philip had the gift.  He did do some traveling and was the one who spoke to the Ethiopian eunuch and led him to the faith, but notice the reference to the “seven.”  That refers to his official role in the early church.   He was one of the original seven deacons chosen by the church to supervise the food given to the widows. 

Paul brings up the gift when he is writing to Timothy.

(2 Timothy 4:5 KJV)  But watch thou in all things, endure afflictions, do the work of an evangelist, make full proof of thy ministry.

Was this instruction to all pastors or just a word for Timothy to use the gift he had?  You can provide your own answer.

I think some people have a special knack for sharing the good news with others.  They have a timing and choice of words that are very effective in sharing about Jesus.  That does not relieve the rest of us though.  The role for all believers is the role of witness.  Only some have the gift of evangelist.  All have the responsibility to witness.

You may not be the champion evangelist but look for a chance to put in a good word for Jesus.

homo unius libri

Opus 2011-272, Driscoll on Seekers

Mark Driscoll made another interesting comment in his conference talk.  He said that Calvinists talking about being “seeker friendly” is strange since they don’t believe in “seekers.”  He pointed out that it is more a case of the Holy Spirit going out and chasing down rebels than people coming to Jesus.

He was speaking tongue-in-cheek and making his point by the humor of honesty.  He portrays presenting the gospel as simply putting the truth out there so that those who have already been chosen can respond.  It is like being at a lottery and announcing the winning ticket number.  You may have bought a ticket but a cousin of the organizer somehow ended up with the big reward.  The joke seems to be on all the other people who showed up thinking there was something there for them.

I am sorry.  This view of the sovereignty of God makes Him a clown trying to invent games to amuse Himself.  It starts at a worthy, Biblical place and turns an eternal truth into a cruel game.  Of course the people who preach this the strongest assume that they are of the elect.  They are always rejoicing at being chosen.  It is kind of like going into a cancer ward and rejoicing loudly about being healthy.

The Gospel is for everyone.

(John 3:16 KJV)  For God so loved the world, that he gave his only begotten Son, that whosoever believeth in him should not perish, but have everlasting life.

Jesus clearly stated that eternal life was offered to “whosoever” not “who-so-chosen.”

homo unius libri

Opus 2011-241, Monday Pulpit: Paul Broke the Rules

Sunday the theme was witnessing.  The pastor was working through the different methods that Paul used to spread the gospel.  The title was “Paul Broke the Rules!”  How did Paul break the rules?  One way that stood out to me emerged from this verse:

(Acts 16:37 NAS77)  But Paul said to them, "They have beaten us in public without trial, men who are Romans, and have thrown us into prison; and now are they sending us away secretly? No indeed! But let them come themselves and bring us out."

We are taught to be meek and mild.  We are taught not to stand up for our rights.  We are to turn the other cheek and so forth.  Following that paradigm, Paul would have quietly disappeared into the shadows when they turned him loose from prison.  That is not what he did. 

Paul was a Roman citizen.  He had been mistreated.  He demanded that the Roman officials come and humble themselves after they had mistreated him.

It is possible that this could be taken too far but I think the present situation has gone the opposite direction.  We have certain rights.  We have rights guaranteed in the Constitution and yet when we are told to take off our crosses or hide our Bibles we meekly comply as if we lived in some banana republic run by a tin pot dictator.  Not that there is anything wrong with bananas or tin pots.

There is a time to turn the other cheek.  Jesus told us to do so.  We are to be servants and have attitudes of forgiveness and patience.  We also need to understand that there are times to stand up and be counted even if it makes other people uncomfortable.  There are times to be aggressive.

Pray that we will not avoid confrontation out of fear and not seek it out of pride.

homo unius libri

Opus 2011-220, Spiritual Temperament

One of the authors I am trying to expose myself to is G.K. Chesterton.  Currently I am working through his book Heretics.  Since it is a download from the Gutenberg Project, I will give page numbers that are on my word processor.

He is discussing a famous author of his day and makes this comment on page 75:

“The artistic temperament is a disease that afflicts amateurs.”

I have been around a lot of people who are wannabe’s.  They want to be musicians.  They want to be writers.  They want to be basketball legends.  Often what they succeed in being is pains in the neck.  Chesterton goes on and says,

“Artists of a large and wholesome vitality get rid of their art easily, as they breathe easily, or perspire easily.  But in artists of less force, the thing becomes a pressure, and produces a definite pain, which is called the artistic temperament.”

They tend to be moody, mercurial and unreliable.  I remember when I was supplying the music in our church for the five year old's.  I am not someone who needs snotty nosed little kids hanging all over me but I can be civil for a period of time.  I took my guitar and we had a great time singing and jumping.  To this day the mention of “Father Abraham” makes me shudder.  One time the children’s pastor came to me and said that some people from the music department wanted to come and help.  It was fine by me.  They came in the next Sunday.  These people were gifted.  I felt very comfortable taking a back seat.  I honestly had hopes it would work, but I know people with artistic temperament.

So I brought my guitar the next Sunday.  You see, I know that people with the artistic temperament have a tendency to not show up when there is little applause.  They are great at singing solo’s but tend to be AWOL when toilets need to be scrubbed and doing music for children is closer to cleaning toilets.  The appreciation of five year old's isn’t a real high.  Sure enough.  None of the artists showed up.  We went on as usual.  I am sure that they were able to talk about how they were involved in the children’s program for weeks.

Chesterton continued,

“There can be no stronger manifestation of the man who is a really great artist than the fact that he can dismiss the subject of art; that he can, upon due occasion, wish art at the bottom of the sea.”

Then my mind made a jump, as it is wont to do.  I started thinking about how often we as believers develop what I might call a “spiritual temperament.”  We sometimes have a tendency to look at ourselves as spiritual and it becomes the tail that wags the dog.  We become people that like to lecture others on right and wrong.  We become holier than thou.  We have a tendency to become authorities in public.  I know people that I dread to talk with.  If you say it is a nice day they are soon giving a lecture on how we will one day be in the City that needs no sun.  If I mention going to get a cup of coffee they wax eloquent on the Wedding Feast of the Lamb.  They love to find you in corners where everyone else in the room is glad to leave you as the libation to the gods.

I think we need to be like true artists.  We can live it and we know how to talk about it, but we just need to be normal people with a holy seasoning.  We need to be salt, not habaneros.  Yes, we need to talk about Jesus but it needs to be a natural outflow of our personality, not a forced caricature.

Be a blessing.

Chesterton, G.K. Heretics.  Gutenberg Project.

homo unius libri

Opus 2011-152, Monday Pulpit: Where is Jerusalem

I am going to start a new category.  I find that at times I am really hit hard by something shared from the pulpit, lectern, I-pod, or pew.  If it sticks with me it might be worth passing on.  I am going to call this category “Monday Pulpit.”  Sometimes this will be as accurate a paraphrase as I can produce.  I might even have written something down.  Other times it will be the tangent that the Holy Spirit took me on with the catalyst of another’s thinking.  Maybe the Spirit will say something to you.  I believe it will be of use to me to rethink and imprint these ideas on my mind and heart.

Sunday the pastor was sharing this verse as an aside,

(Acts 1:8 NAS77)  but you shall receive power when the Holy Spirit has come upon you; and you shall be My witnesses both in Jerusalem, and in all Judea and Samaria, and even to the remotest part of the earth."

He read the verse and substituted local geography to get across the point that this applied to us today.  Nothing new here.  How this hit me was not particularly new either, but it was like hitting the “refresh” button on your screen.  I was reminded that this also could be broken down as “in your living room, in all your neighborhood and friends and even into the remotest parts of your workplace.” 

As I said, nothing really new in this but I find that I need to be reminded of the basics.

How are things in your living room?

homo unius libri

Opus 2011-12, John Wesley on Proselytizing

I was reading during my worship time from the Journals of John Wesley.  I came across a statement that was similar to comments he had made before but it struck me in light of a post I had read at “According to the Book,”  Wesley wrote:

June 20, 1780, “But here is still a loving people, though a little disturbed by the Calvinists, who seize on every halting soul as their own lawful prey.” p. 186 in edition I am using.

It would seem that in 1780 the inter-denominational wars were in full swing.  This is nothing new.  I offer this in light of what seems to be a renewed sense of self-righteousness that I am reading about among modern Calvinists. 

Some Christians, and I use the term deliberately, feel that they are the only ones with the true word.  They seek to convert everyone whether they are pagans or just have a different view of predestination.  I salute their desire to convert the pagans.  I question their zeal to go after Arminians.  It seems like they are more concerned with Arminians than pagans.  That is a serious issue.

Wesley was concerned about denominational cherry picking.  This reference is not the only place he brings this up.  In 1780 and before it was a serious issue.  I urge followers of Jesus Christ to go after the targets that need to be targeted.  A pagan has no chance of eternal life unless you share with him.  Sure, the Holy Spirit might use a tract or a Gideon Bible, but you are the main instrument He uses.  A misguided member of another church can at least be brought into conformity to your doctrine if the Holy Spirit chooses to lead him to the right scripture.  Even Roman Catholics, gasp, have access to the gospel.  Read some of their websites.  They have a chance of being saved, the pagan is waiting for you.

Let’s all stop proselytizing.  The fields are white unto harvest.  Focus on the real issue.